WEATHER BASED GRAPE ADVISORY

WEATHER DATA FOR THE PREVAILING WEEK

Date of Fruit Pruning: 15/09/2021

Thursday (31/03/2022)–Wednesday (06/04/2022)

Note: Above weather information is summary of weather forecasting given in following websites

https://www.wunderground.com/?cm_ven=cgi

https://imdagrimet.gov.in/weatherdata/BlockWindow.php

https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india

ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes does not claim accuracy of it.  

II. Water management (Dr. A.K. Upadhyay & Yukti Verma)

A)    Days after pruning : 08 days

B)    Pan evaporation : 8 to 9.5 mm

1.      During rest period, provide only need based irrigation to protect the existing leaves from drying and also it contribute towards increasing the reserves of the vines through photosynthetic activity.  The quantum of irrigation water applied should be approx. 6000 – 6500 L/ acre, once in a week.  Care should be taken to reduce/stop the water in case new growth is observed on the shoot.

2.      After foundation pruning, during shoot growth stage, apply 13,600 – 16,150 L/acre per day of irrigation water. 

3.      In case vigour is more than desired, then reduce irrigation water application to 7,000 – 8,000 L/ acre.  Still if you are not able to control the vigour, stop irrigation till such time growth is controlled.

4.      Cover the cordons of the pruned vines with shadenet, if available, for uniform sprouting as well as reducing the irrigation water needs by 20-25 %.  Shadenet coverage will reduce the temperature impact on the cordons.  However, remove shadenet after 3-5 leaf stage.  If shadenet is not available, spray the cordons with water during the peak heat period i.e. 2-3 pm to reduce the heat effect on the buds.

5.      In case there is probability of less irrigation water availability, then flood the bund (not whole vineyard) at pruning and mulch the bunds.  Flooding the bund will reduce the accumulated salt load in the root zone and mulching will reduce the evaporation of water from soil surface.  Thus, this will reduce the salt load in the soil and at the same time saturate the soil leading to proper sprouting.  Further, in case less irrigation water is available still the newly emerging shoots will not be damaged due to salinity.

6.      In case the soil is under wapsa (field capacity) condition, donot irrigate the vineyard.

7.      Practice mulching to keep the bunds moistened. This will reduce the salinity build up in the root zone due to evaporation of the moisture from the surface of the bund.

8.      Flooding the vineyard is not advised as it will lead to wastage of water.  Concentrate irrigation water application in the root zone only.

Rest Period

            After the harvest of grapes during February – March, vine reserves are exhausted.  After foundation pruning, till photosynthetically active leaves are formed, it is the vine reserves that contribute to the growth and development of the vines. Hence, following is advised:

1.      Provide only need based irrigation to protect the existing leaves from drying and also contribute towards increasing the reserves of the vines through photosynthetic activity.  The quantum of irrigation water applied should be approx. 7000 – 7500 L/ acre, once in a week.  If temperature exceeds 38°C, apply the same every fourth day.  Care should be taken to reduce/stop the water in case new growth is observed on the shoot.

2.      Apply 10-15 kg urea, 25-30 kg SSP and 10-15 kg Sulphate of Potash per acre every 15-20 days till foundation pruning is not done. 

3.      Flooding the vineyard is not advised as it will lead to wastage of water.  Concentrate irrigation water application in the root zone only.

Foundation pruning:

1.      If planning for foundation pruning in next 10- 15 days, it is advised to get soil and water analysed for planning nutrient and water application schedule for foundation pruning season.

2.      If soils are calcareous in nature, then apply 50 kg sulphur between the vines in the soil. The sulphur should be properly mixed in the soil for improving its efficacy in taking care of calcium carbonates.  Mixing of sulphur with FYM/ compost further improves its efficacy.

3.      The vineyards where sodicity problems are there, apply gypsum to the soil for removal of sodium from the soil exchange complex.  In case of calcareous soils, use sulphur for similar purpose.

Shoot growth stage:

1.    Apply 50 kg urea/ acre in 5-6 splits after sprouting.  In calcareous soils, donot apply urea, instead use Ammonium sulphate @ 85 kg/acre in atleast 7-8 splits from sprouting onwards.

2.    In case of vigorous growth of shoots, stop nitrogen application and wait for the growth to stabilize before resuming nitrogen application.  If still the growth continues, then reduce irrigation.  Then resume when growth is maintained at desired level.

3.    Based upon soil test value, apply Zinc sulphate @10 kg/acre along with Ferrous sulphate @10kg/acre followed by Magnesium sulphate @15kg/acre in atleast 2 splits during 5-7 leaf stage. Boron application should be strictly based upon soil and petiole test.

4.    In calcareous soils, spray magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate @2 gm each/ L during active growing stage.

III. Requirement of growth regulators (Dr. S.D. Ramteke)

-          NIL

IV. Canopy Management (Dr. R.G.Somkuwar)

The major activities in the coming week and action to be taken are as follows.

Foundation pruning:

1)      Trench opening with 2 feet width and 3-4 inch depth to be done.

2)      Care should be taken that the roots are not cut more than 30%.

3)      The trench should not be kept open for longer time. This may lead to drying of root cells thereby dead arm on the cordon.

4)      Immediate irrigation in the trench will help to initiate new roots.

5)      Application of hydrogen cyanamide should be based on weather during the time of pruning.

6)      Under the condition of reduced irrigation and high temperature condition, application of irrigation water should be considered during early morning or late evening.

7)      Mulching with organic matter (sugarcane thrash, canes, dried grass, etc) can be used for control of water loss through soil.

After re-cut:

1)      After the re-cut, application of hydrogen cyanamide @ 40 ml/L water is required. This will help for uniform and early bud sprouts.

2)      There will be more sprouts after the re-cut. Selection of vigorous, healthy shoot need to be taken for development of trunk.

3)      Selection of second shoot for development of trunk is advisable to avoid the disease infection.

4)      “Stop and Go” method of trunk as well as cordon development will help to produced healthy vine with sufficient food material.

5)      Irrigation and nitrogen to be given based on the shoot vigor.

6)      On the new shoots, thrips incidence and potash deficiency may results into reduced growth.  

Rootstock planting:

1)      In the rootstock planted plot, irrigation with nutrient is necessary.

2)      Under the condition of light soil, application of irrigation water should be at frequent interval, however, under black soil, the irrigation can be at one day interval.

3)      Under the water shortage condition, irrigate the plants either during morning or evening.

4)      Mulching need to be considered as priority.

5)      Once the new growth starts, application of urea @ 0.5 kg/acre alternate day for a period of 15 days to be given.

IV. Disease management (Dr. Sujoy Saha)

            Trichoderma application through drip should be given before pruning. If pruning is completed in early pruned areas, cordon wash with mancozeb and sulphur should be done once.

V.    Insect and Mite management. (Dr. D.S. Yadav)

Stage: Vine resting stage after harvest

1.    Spot plant wash with buprofezin 25 SC @ 1.25 ml per litre water with 1.5-2.0 litre water per plant to manage mealybugs after harvest.

2.    Sulphur 80 WDG @ 1.5-2.0 g/L or abamectin 1.9% EC @ 0.75 ml/L water may be applied if mite infestation is observed at vine resting stage after harvest.

चरण: फसल के बाद अंगूरलता आराम चरण

· कटाई के बाद मिलीबग का प्रबंधन करने के लिए बुप्रोफेजीन 25 एससी @ 1.25 मिलीलीटर प्रति लीटर पानी (1.5-2.0 लीटर पानी प्रति लता) के साथ स्पॉट प्लांट वॉश।

· यदि कटाई के बाद बेल विश्राम चरण में माइट का प्रकोप दिखाई देता है तो, सल्फर 80 डब्ल्यूडीजी @ 1.5-2.0 ग्राम / लीटर या एबामेक्टिन 1.9% ईसी @ 0.75 मिलीलीटर / लीटर पानी की दर से दिया जा सकता है।